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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00051_Field_51.txt
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1996-12-31
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Size Constancy: The Stimulus-
Relation Explanation
Despite the increasing or
decreasing size of the retinal
image (or visual angle) of an
object as a function of distance,
its apparent size remains more
or less the same. If all the brain
had to go on in determining the
size of the object was its visual
angle, constancy would never
be achieved. To the contrary,
size perception would vary with
every change in an objectΓÇÖs
distance.
Normally, however, we
see objects not alone but in the
context of other objects and
against some background.
According to the stimulus-
relation theory, size perception
and size constancy can be
explained by the ratio of the
visual angle of one object to
that of other objects. For
example, if we see a man
standing next to a house, his
height bears a definite size
relation to the height of the
house. That relation will not
change no matter from how far
away we view the man. Or
consider the size relation of an
object to a uniformly textured
background. An object on a
lawn will cover a given number
of units of the grass texture.
Viewed from a different
distance, the object will cover,
or occlude, the same number of
units. In instances such as
this, the late James Gibson
argued, constancy can be
explained by the unvarying size
ratio of objects in a scene,
without having to refer to
distance at all.